Electrical engineering seems to be one of the most popular majors in engineering due to its wide application in almost any field. Of electrical engineers, the most famous include Thomas Edison, the American inventor who patented more than 1,000 inventions in his life; Steve Wozniak, co-founder of Apple Computer, Inc.; and Nikola Tesla, an electrical engineer who contributed in establishing the alternating current (AC) electric power system. Also, I’d like to profile two great leaders in realizing the combination of arts and technology — Leonardo da Vinci, the well-known Florentine artist, scientist and engineer; and Steve Jobs, the founder of Apple, a visionary and creative genius.
#1 Thomas Edison
Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847 – October 18, 1931) was an American inventor, scientist, and businessman. He developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and a long-lasting, practical electric light bulb. In addition, he created the world’s first industrial research laboratory. Dubbed “The Wizard of Menlo Park” (now Edison, New Jersey) by a newspaper reporter, he was one of the first inventors to apply the principles of mass production and large teamwork to the process of invention, and therefore is often credited with the creation of the first industrial research laboratory.
Edison is the fourth most prolific inventor in history, holding 1,093 US patents in his name, as well as many patents in the United Kingdom, France, and Germany. He is credited with numerous inventions that contributed to mass communication and, in particular, telecommunications. These included a stock ticker, a mechanical vote recorder, and a battery for an electric car, electrical power, recorded music and motion pictures. His advanced work in these fields was an outgrowth of his early career as a telegraph operator. Edison originated the concept and implementation of electric-power generation and distribution to homes, businesses, and factories — a crucial development in the modern industrialized world. His first power station was on Manhattan Island, New York.
Thomas Edison. (n.d.). Retrieved Oct 14, 2011 from the Wiki: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Edison
#2 Steve Wozniak
Stephen Gary “Woz” Wozniak (born August 11, 1950) is an electrical engineer and computer inventor. The son of an engineer at Lockheed who worked on satellites, Stephen Wozniak enrolled at the University of California, Berkeley in 1971, the same year he began to collaborate with Steve Jobs in building “blue boxes” that allowed people to make free long-distance calls.
The pair then began to make computers out of borrowed “chips” and, working out of a family garage, he and Jobs designed a more “user-friendly” alternative to the new computers being introduced by International Business Machines (IBM). Wozniak was now working for Hewlett-Packard, and when that company refused to back the new computer, he and Jobs founded Apple Computer Inc. in 1976 to make their Apple I. The next year he introduced the Apple II personal computer which featured a central processing unit, a keyboard, color graphics, and a floppy disk drive. It can be said that this launched the personal computer industry.
In the following years, Wozniak played a major role in designing later Apple models such as Lisa and Macintosh. He took several years leave from Apple after being injured in a plane crash in 1981. He returned to Apple in 1983 but left the company in 1985 after a series of disagreements with Jobs.
In 1985 he started a new company, MBF, to explore new possibilities for electronics. That same year, Stephen Wozniak was awarded the National Medal of Technology by the President of the United States in 1985 for his achievements at Apple. He also became involved in other projects, including UNUSON (‘unite us in song’), with its goal of eliminating international enmities by using new communication devices. In 1990 he also joined Mitchell Kapor in establishing the Electronic Frontier Foundation to provide legal aid for computer hackers facing criminal prosecution, and to research the legal aspects of computer communication.
2011 A&E Television Networks. Retrieved from http://www.biography.com/people/stephen-wozniak-9537334
#3 Nikola Tesla
Nikola Tesla (10 July 1856 – 7 January 1943) was a Serbian-American inventor, mechanical engineer, and electrical engineer. He was an important contributor to the birth of commercial electricity, and is best known for his many revolutionary developments in the field of electromagnetism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Tesla’s patents and theoretical work formed the basis of modern alternating current (AC) electric power systems, including the polyphase system of electrical distribution and the AC motor. This work helped usher in the Second Industrial Revolution.
Because of his 1894 demonstration of wireless communication through radio and as the eventual victor in the “War of Currents”, Tesla was widely respected as one of the greatest electrical engineers who worked in America. He pioneered modern electrical engineering and many of his discoveries were of groundbreaking importance. In the United States during this time, Tesla’s fame rivaled that of any other inventor or scientist in history or popular culture. Tesla demonstrated wireless energy transfer to power electronic devices as early as 1893, and aspired to intercontinental wireless transmission of industrial power in his unfinished Wardenclyffe Tower project.
Nikola Tesla. (n.d.). Retrieved Oct 14, 2011 from the Wiki: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Tesla
#4 Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo da Vinci (April 15, 1452 – May 2, 1519, Old Style) was an Italian Renaissance polymath: painter, sculptor, architect, musician, scientist, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, geologist, cartographer, botanist and writer whose genius, perhaps more than that of any other figure, epitomized the Renaissance humanist ideal. Leonardo has often been described as the archetype of the Renaissance Man, a man of “unquenchable curiosity” and “feverishly inventive imagination”. He is widely considered to be one of the greatest painters of all time and perhaps the most diversely talented person ever to have lived. According to art historian Helen Gardner, the scope and depth of his interests were without precedent and “his mind and personality seem to us superhuman, the man himself mysterious and remote”.
Leonardo was and is renowned primarily as a painter. Among his works, the Mona Lisa is the most famous and most parodied portrait and The Last Supper the most reproduced religious painting of all time, with their fame approached only by Michelangelo’s Creation of Adam. Perhaps fifteen of his paintings together with his notebooks, which contain drawings, scientific diagrams, and his thoughts on the nature of painting, compose a contribution to later generations of artists only rivaled by that of his contemporary, Michelangelo.
Leonardo is revered for his technological ingenuity. He conceptualized a helicopter, a tank, concentrated solar power, a calculator, the double hull and outlined a rudimentary theory of plate tectonics. Relatively few of his designs were constructed or were even feasible during his lifetime, but some of his smaller inventions, such as an automated bobbin winder and a machine for testing the tensile strength of wire, entered the world of manufacturing unheralded. He made important discoveries in anatomy, civil engineering, optics, and hydrodynamics, but he did not publish his findings and they had no direct influence on later science.
Leonardo da Vinci. (n.d.). Text and image are both retrieved Oct 14, 2011 from the Wiki: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci
#5 Steve Jobs
Steven Paul “Steve” Jobs (February 24, 1955 – October 5, 2011) was an American business magnate and inventor. He was co-founder, chairman, and chief executive officer of Apple Inc. Jobs was co-founder and previously served as chief executive of Pixar Animation Studios; he became a member of the board of directors of the Walt Disney Company in 2006, following the acquisition of Pixar by Disney.
In the late 1970s, Jobs – along with Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak, Mike Markkula and others – designed, developed, and marketed one of the first commercially successful lines of personal computers, the Apple II series. In the early 1980s, Jobs was among the first to see the commercial potential of Xerox PARC’s mouse-driven graphical user interface, which led to the creation of the Apple Lisa and, one year later, the Macintosh. After losing a power struggle with the board of directors in 1985, Jobs left Apple and founded NeXT, a computer platform development company specializing in the higher-education and business markets.
In 1986, he acquired the computer graphics division of Lucasfilm Ltd, which was spun off as Pixar Animation Studios. He was credited in Toy Story (1995) as an executive producer. He remained CEO and majority shareholder at 50.1 percent until its acquisition by The Walt Disney Company in 2006, making Jobs Disney’s largest individual shareholder at seven percent and a member of Disney’s Board of Directors. Apple’s 1996 buyout of NeXT brought Jobs back to the company he co-founded, and he served as its interim CEO from 1997, then becoming permanent CEO from 2000 onwards, spearheading the advent of the iPod, iPhone and iPad. From 2003, he fought an eight-year battle with cancer, and eventually resigned as CEO in August 2011, while on his third medical leave. He was then elected chairman of Apple’s board of directors.
On October 5, 2011, around 3:00 p.m., Jobs died at his home in Palo Alto, California, aged 56, six weeks after resigning as CEO of Apple. A copy of his death certificate indicated respiratory arrest as the immediate cause of death, with “metastatic pancreas neuroendocrine tumor” as the underlying cause. His occupation was listed as “entrepreneur” in the “high tech” business.
Steve Jobs. (n.d.). Retrieved Oct 14, 2011 from the Wiki: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_jobs.
Image retrieved from http://www.apple.com/stevejobs/
Isaac Newton famously remarked in a letter that “If I have seen a little further it is by standing on the shoulders of Giants.” With so many great models to follow, I believe I can achieve the career goal that I aspire. Leonardo da Vinci is primarily known as a great artist, but his great talent in both arts and science shapes his leading role in Renaissance. Steve Jobs is primarily known as an engineer, but he also served as chief executive of Pixar Animation Studios, which I believe inspires him in producing both beautifully designed and user-friendly products. The last two cases that I profile prove that being versatile in both arts and engineering is challenging, but is achievable.